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Registrar Generals Reports
Congleton RegD/PLU was a Poor Law Union/Reg. District in the county of Cheshire, in England. CONGLETON, a town, a township, three chapelries, a sub-district, and a district, in Cheshire. The town stands in a fine valley, on the river Dane, adjacent to the Macclesfield and Colwich railway and the Macclesfield canal, 8¼ miles SSW of Macclesfield. It was known at Domesday as Cogletone; possessed consequence in the time of Henry III.; and retains a number of old timbered houses; but presents now an aspect of modern neatness. It ranks as a municipal borough, chartered by James I., conterminate with the township, and governed by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors; is a polling-place; publishes two weekly newspapers; gives title of Baron to the family of Parnell; and has a head post office, ‡ a railway station with telegraph, two banking-offices, three chief inns, a town-hall, a market-hall and assembly-room, three churches, six dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic chapel, a grammar school, four national schools, and a mechanics' institute. The present town hall was built in 1866, at a cost of about £8, 000, and is in the Venetian-Gothic style. The market-hall and assembly-room were built in 1822, at a cost of £2, 000, defrayed by Sir E. Antrobus. St. Peter's church occupies an elevated site, and was rebuilt in 1740. St. James' church is an elegant edifice in the pointed style of the 13th century, and was built in 1848. St. Stephen's church consists of nave, chancel, aisles, bell-turret, and vestry, in the early decorated style, and was built in 1860. The grammar school dates from the 16th century, and was reconstructed in 1865. A weekly market is held on Saturday; and fairs on the Thursday before Shrove-Tuesday, and 12 May, 5 July, and 22 Nov. The making of gloves and of tagged-leather laces, called Congleton points, was at one time the chief employment. But silk manufacture, in various departments, is now the staple, and has a number of mills. Much business is done also in connexion with extensive neighbouring coal-mines and limestone quarries. Whitehurst, the engineer, was a native, and Bradshaw, who presided at the trial of Charles I., was mayor. The township, co-extensive with the borough, is in Astbury parish, and comprises 2, 564 acres. Real property, £32, 860; of which £1, 150 are in gas-works. Pop., in 1841, 9, 222; in 1861, 12, 344. Houses, 2, 620. Congleton viaduct, on the railway, about ½ a mile from the station, is a fine work, 114 feet high and 231 feet long., exclusive of the embankments; and has arches 50 feet in span. -The three chapelries are St. Peter, St. James, and St. Stephen; the first ancient, the second constituted in 1844, the third constituted in 1845; and the three are jointly conterminate with the township. The livings are vicarages in the diocese of Chester. Value of St-Peter, £210:* of St. James, £150;* of St. Stephen, £150.* Patron of St. Peter, T. Rowley, Esq.; of each of the others, alternately the Crown and the Bishop. The sub-district contains the parish of Biddulph, electorally in Stafford, and the townships of Congleton, Newbold-Astbury, Moreton-cum-Alcumlow, Somerford, Somerford-Booths, Hulme-Walfield, Radnor, and Bug-lawton in the parish of Astbury. Acres, 18, 657. Pop., 19, 124. Houses, 3, 954. The district comprehends also the sub-district of Sandbach, containing the parish of Church-Lawton, the township of Alsager, in the parish of Barthomley, the townships of Smallwood and Odd-Rode, in the parish of Astbury, the townships of Sand-bach, Arclid, Bradwall, Hassall, Betchton, and Wheel-ock, in the parish of Sandbach, and the townships of Tetton, Moston, and Elton in the parish of Warmingham; and the sub-district of Church-Hulme, containing the parishes of Swettenham and Brereton-cum-Smethwick, the township of Davenport, in the parish of Astbury, and the townships of Church-Hulme, Blackden, Twemlow, Cranage, Leese, and Cotton, in the parish of Sandbach. Acres, 52, 889. Poor-rates, in 1862, £9, 663. Pop., in 1841, 26, 421; in 1861, 34, 328. Houses, 6, 994. Marriages, in 1860, 265; births, 1, 268, -of which 127 were illegitimate; deaths, 822, -of which 351 were at ages. under 5 years, and 16 at ages above 85. Marriages in the ten years 1851-60, 2, 610; births, 11, 118; deaths, 7, 566. The places of worship in 1851 were 19 of the Church of England, with 9, 056 sittings; 4 of Independents, with 935 s.; 2 of Baptists, with 550 s.; 1 of Quakers, with 150 s.; 25 of Wesleyan Methodists, with 4, 683 s.; 1 of New Connexion Methodists, with 500 s.; 9 of Primitive Methodists, with 1, 488 s.; 4 of the Wesleyan Association, with 618 s.; 1 of Roman Catholics, with 242 s.; and 1 of Latter Day Saints, s. not reported. The schools were 23 public day schools, with 2, 682 scholars; 44 private day schools, with 1, 087 s.; 53 Sunday schools, with 5, 978 s.; and 6 evening schools for adults, with 91 s. The workhouse is in Arclid. (John Marius Wilson, Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870-72))
Congleton Registration District
Registration County : Cheshire.
The district comprised of the following: (Click on the yellow place names for more details)
Several causes of recorded deaths for Congleton Registration District in the late 1800's
You will notice above a big drop in the recorded deaths for Typhus in 1869 and thereafter. Looking at the other causes though you will notice that at this same time two new "killers" were added to the Registrar Generals report, Typhoid Fever and Simple Fever. I would suggest that the drop in Typhus deaths is due to more accurate recognition and diagnosis of disease as opposed to some miraculous event or new wonder drug.
On August 10th 1874 there must have been some bad weather as the records show that two people in Congleton died from "death by lightning". The first was the son of an agricultural laborer aged between 5 and 10 years old. The second was a collier aged between 25 and 35 years old.
Population
When looking at the population of Congleton there are differing results available due to the role that Congleton has had over time. Each of these roles covered different areas of land with different geograhical boundaries. Some of its roles are listed below. Poor Law Union. ( PLU) (The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 authorised Poor Law Commissioners to establish Poor Law Unions within England and Wales. Each Poor Law Union included several parishes and was created to sustain poor relief, almshouses and a workhouse within the Union area. By 1930 the Poor Law Unions were abolished and their functions were transferred to the Administrative County Councils.) Registration District. (RegD) (A Registration District was based on a market town and its surrounding villages. They were created in 1837 and abolished in 1930, although they ceased being the main census reporting units after 1911. The Registration Districts were reporting units divided into Sub-Districts which each had a registrar responsible for the registration of births and deaths.)
Congleton RegD/PLU: Historical Boundaries
Registration sub-District. (SUB_DIST) (A Registration Sub-District was a division of a Registration District which was based on a market town and its surrounding villages. They were created in 1837 and abolished in 1930. The Registration Sub-Districts were reporting units which each had a registrar responsible for the registration of births and deaths.)
Congleton SubD: Approximate Boundaries
Urban Sanitary District. (USD) (Urban Sanitary Districts existed nationally from 1875 to 1894. Their purpose was to maintain and improve public health services in urban areas, although they had more powers than Rural Sanitary Districts due to bigger problems.) Rural Sanitary District. (RSD) (Rural Sanitary Districts existed nationally from 1875 to 1894. Their purpose was to maintain and improve public health services in rural areas, although they had less powers than Urban Sanitary Districts.)
Congleton RSD: Approximate Boundaries Rural District. (RD) (An administrative unit used to divide up an administrative county. These units were divided into urban or rural units.)
Congleton RD: Historical Boundaries Borough. (A town possessing powers of self-governance conferred by Royal Charter or Act of Parliament.) Municipal Borough. (MB) (A Muncipal Borough was an active, often expanding urban settlement. They were established from 1835 onwards until their abolition in 1974.) Civil Parish. (CP) (Civil Parishes were created with the election of parochial boards in most parishes between 1845 and 1860, but could be created anytime between the sixteenth century and 1975. They were often former subordinate parish units which became a separate local government unit with only civil responsibilities.) Ecclesiastical Parish. (EP) (Originally a medieval administrative unit, after 1597 ecclesiastical units were separated from civil parishes to serve the ecclesiastical needs of the local community.) District/Unitary Authority. (MOD_DIST) (In 1974 England and Wales were divided into Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Counties and London Boroughs for the purposes of local government. These Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Counties in turn consisted of Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan districts. The 1990s local government reorganisation introducted Unitary and Non-Unitary Authorities in England and Wales while Scotland was divided into 32 Council areas.)
Population of Congleton District
Below is taken from the 1871 report Area, Houses and population of Ecclesiastical Districts or New Parishes and also of those parts of Ancient Parishes sub-divided for ecclesiastical purposes which are still attached to the Mother Church. Original or Mother Parish Astbury (St. Mary) ( Area in Acres 8363) Population 1456
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Copyright Census data from 1961 to 2001 are © Office of National Statistics, for England and Wales. Users wishing to reproduce Census material, other than for purposes of research or private study, require a free core click-use licence (for details of how to apply, go to http://www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/index.htm).
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